When navigating heavy goods transport, many encounter the terms HGV (Heavy Goods Vehicle) and LGV (Large Goods Vehicle). This can lead to confusion, especially regarding the licenses required. Although many people use these terms interchangeably, they refer to specific licensing requirements that can significantly impact your driving career. In this blog, I will clarify the differences between HGV and LGV, explore licensing categories, and provide insights on training and costs.
What is HGV?
Historically, driving lorries lacked glamour. In the early 1900s, drivers faced numerous challenges, including bumpy rides due to the absence of air-filled tires. However, advancements like pneumatic tires, introduced in 1912, significantly improved the driving experience. The evolution of road transport technology made driving more comfortable and efficient, laying the groundwork for the modern trucking industry.
In the 1970s, increasing road congestion prompted the need for regulated licensing. On February 2, 1970, anyone wanting to drive an HGV had to possess an HGV license. This pivotal shift in transportation regulation aimed to enhance safety and efficiency on the roads.
What is LGV?
Before 1970, obtaining a lorry driving license remained relatively straightforward; drivers only needed a car license and some driving experience. However, the introduction of specific license classes changed the landscape entirely. Up until 1997, a standard car license allowed drivers to operate vehicles weighing up to 7.5 tons, reflecting the UK’s imperial measurement system.
With the shift toward more precise classifications, people now refer to vehicles under 7.5 tons as LGVs. Essentially, while all HGVs qualify as LGVs, not all LGVs qualify as HGVs, creating a nuanced distinction in licensing that aspiring drivers must understand.
The Classes of HGVs: Class 1, 2, and 3
Historically, HGVs fell into three classes:
- Class 1: This class designated all articulated vehicles, with a maximum weight of 32 tons and a maximum length of 15 meters. Drivers commonly use these vehicles for long-distance transport due to their capacity.
- Class 2: This class covered rigid vehicles with more than two axles, allowing for a maximum weight of 28 tons. Drivers commonly use these vehicles for regional deliveries.
- Class 3: This category included rigid vehicles with two axles, limited to 16 tons. Drivers typically use these vehicles for local deliveries and smaller loads.
Each class had specific regulations, including maximum axle weight limits, ensuring safety on the roads. However, the classification system evolved after 1997 to include different categories instead of traditional classes.
The Transition from HGV to LGV
On January 1, 1997, terminology began to shift significantly. Many instructors debated whether “HGV” would fade into obscurity, replaced entirely by “LGV.” While the HGV acronym remains in use, classification now relies on categories rather than the traditional class (C1, C2, C3) system.
- Category C1: This category permits driving vehicles between 3.5 tons and 7.5 tons, making it ideal for larger vans or small trucks.
- C1+E: This category allows for driving a 7.5-ton vehicle with an attached trailer, accommodating those who need to transport larger loads.
- Category C: This category covers rigid vehicles up to 32 tons, providing a comprehensive license for larger trucks.
- Category C+E: This comprehensive license allows drivers to handle articulated vehicles and trailers over 750 kilograms, enabling the transport of heavy goods across long distances.
The shift in categories simplified the licensing process, providing a clearer understanding of what each license permits and making it easier for drivers to navigate their career paths.
Weight Limits and Regulations
Aspiring drivers must understand the weight limits and regulations for HGV/LGV licenses. While these licenses don’t impose specific weight limits, construction and use regulations govern each vehicle type. These regulations specify the maximum weight each vehicle can legally carry, ensuring safety on the roads and compliance with legal standards.
The End of Stage Testing
Between 1997 and 2020, a stage testing system aimed to enhance road safety as vehicle congestion increased. This system included multiple assessments to ensure that drivers received adequate training. However, in 2020, the government halted this practice to accelerate the influx of drivers onto the roads. While the intention was good, the outcomes have been mixed, leading to ongoing discussions about driver readiness and road safety.
Many industry professionals express concerns about the implications of removing stage testing. They argue that drivers must have a thorough understanding of their vehicles and the regulations governing them, especially given the increasing complexity of modern transport.
What is LGV Training?
To obtain an LGV license, formal training isn’t strictly necessary; however, I highly recommend it. Proper training equips drivers with the skills and knowledge they need to navigate the challenges of the road. Training typically covers three critical areas:
- Driving Theory: This includes understanding commercial driving concepts, safety protocols, and vehicle operations. A solid grasp of theory lays the foundation for practical skills.
- Physical Skills: Practical skills such as turning, reversing, and maneuvering large vehicles receive extensive training. Mastering these skills is crucial for safe and efficient driving.
- Driver CPC Requirements: Training includes case studies and practical demonstrations to ensure drivers meet all necessary competency standards. The Driver Certificate of Professional Competence (CPC) is a vital component of LGV training.
Investing in comprehensive training not only enhances safety but also increases employability, making it a worthwhile commitment for anyone pursuing a career in commercial driving.
What is the Cost of LGV/HGV Training?
The costs associated with LGV/HGV training can vary significantly based on factors such as location, training provider, and the specific category of license sought. Here’s a general breakdown of the costs:
- Medical & Theory Tests: £175-£270 (includes D2 and D4 form submission)
- Category C1: From £150-£200 for the necessary training and tests.
- Category C1+E: Costs range from £900-£1400, depending on the provider and included services.
- Category C: Training for this category can amount to almost £1000, reflecting the comprehensive nature of the program.
- Category C+E: Starting from £1300, this training prepares drivers for the most complex vehicles.
- Driver CPC Initial Qualification & Periodic Training: For details about Driver CPC costs and more, visit this page. Also, you can check your Driver CPC periodic training hours by visiting DVSA website.
Understanding the financial investment required for training helps aspiring drivers plan their careers effectively and budget accordingly.
Conclusion
Understanding the differences between HGV and LGV proves crucial for anyone looking to embark on a career in commercial driving. The transition from the traditional class system to a more streamlined categorization simplifies comprehension of licensing requirements. This clarity benefits not only new drivers but also those considering further qualifications.
Whether you opt for a Category C or C+E license, choose a reputable training provider. With the right training and qualifications, you will be well-equipped to take on the responsibilities of driving heavy goods vehicles. Remember, investing in quality training can make all the difference in your driving career.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is the difference between HGV Class 1 and Class 2?
The primary distinction lies in weight and trailer capacity. A Cat C (C2) license allows you to operate a rigid vehicle with a trailer not exceeding 750 kilograms. In contrast, a Cat C+E (C1) license permits you to drive any goods vehicle with a trailer over 750 kilograms.
What is the HGV/LGV Category C license?
The Cat C HGV license qualifies as a rigid or Class 2 truck license, commonly used for larger vehicles on the road.
What does the term LGV Category C mean?
The LGV Category C refers to a Large Goods Vehicle license that allows drivers to operate a rigid truck or goods vehicle with a Maximum Authorised Mass (MAM) over 3.5 tonnes and not exceeding 32 tonnes.
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